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NASA to Get $100 Million for Asteroid-Capture Mission, Senator Says

by Mike Wall, SPACE.com Senior Writer
Date: 05 April 2013 Time: 05:16 PM ET
 
 
 
inShare2
 
Asteroid Retrieval Spacecraft

 
An artist’s illustration of an asteroid retrieval spacecraft capturing a 500-ton asteroid that is about 7 meters wide.
CREDIT: Rick Sternbach/Keck Institute for Space Studies

 

NASA will likely get $100 million next year to jump-start an audacious program to drag an asteroid into orbit around the moon for research and exploration purposes, U.S. Senator Bill Nelson says.

The $100 million will probably be part of President Barack Obama’s federal budget request for 2014, which is expected to be released next week, Nelson (D-FL) said. The money is intended to get the ball rolling on the asteroid-retrieval project, which also aims to send astronauts out to the captured space rock in 2021.

“This is part of what will be a much broader program,” Nelson said Friday (April 5), during a visit to Orlando. “The plan combines the science of mining an asteroid, along with developing ways to deflect one, along with providing a place to develop ways we can go to Mars.”

 

NASA’s plan involves catching a near-Earth asteroid (NEA) with a robotic spacecraft, then towing the space rock to a stable lunar orbit, Nelson said. Astronauts would then be sent to the asteroid in 2021 using NASA’s Orion capsule and Space Launch System rocket, both of which are in development.

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The idea is similar to one proposed last year by researchers based at Caltech’s Keck Institute for Space Studies in Pasadena.

“Experience gained via human expeditions to the small returned NEA would transfer directly to follow-on international expeditions beyond the Earth-moon system: to other near-Earth asteroids, [the Mars moons] Phobos and Deimos, Mars and potentially someday to the main asteroid belt,” the Keck team wrote in a feasibility study of their plan.

NASA will need much more than this initial $100 million to make the asteroid-retrieval mission happen. The Keck study estimated that it would cost about $2.6 billion to drag a 500-ton space rock back near the moon.

Nelson said he thinks the Obama Administration is in favor of the asteroid-retrieval plan. In 2010, the president directed NASA to work to get astronauts to a near-Earth asteroid by 2025, then on to the vicinity of Mars by the mid-2030s.

News of the potential $100 million allocation is not a complete surprise, as Aviation Week reported late last month that NASA was seeking that amount in 2014 for an asteroid-retrieval program.

Follow Mike Wall on Twitter @michaeldwall. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. Originally published on SPACE.com.

 

NASA mulls asteroid capture mission, eventual manned visits

By William Harwood /

CBS News/ April 5, 2013, 10:36 PM

An Orion spacecraft designed for deep space exploration is shown in Earth orbit. A proposed NASA mission to capture and haul a small asteroid back to Earth's vicinity could be a target for manned visits by the early 2020s.

An Orion spacecraft designed for deep space exploration is shown in Earth orbit. A proposed NASA mission to capture and haul a small asteroid back to Earth’s vicinity could be a target for manned visits by the early 2020s. / NASA

NASA is working on plans to robotically capture and tow a small asteroid back to Earth’s vicinity by the end of the decade. To learn more about unmanned drones click here. This would set the stage for manned visits to learn more about the threat asteroids pose, the resources they represent and to help perfect the technology needed for eventual flights to Mars.

Play Video

Can asteroids be tracked and deflected?

“This is part of what will be a much broader program,” Sen. Bill Nelson, D-Fl, said in a statement late Friday. “The plan combines the science of mining an asteroid, along with developing ways to deflect one, along with providing a place to develop ways we can go to Mars.”

According to a mission overview obtained by CBS News, the rationale for the proposed asteroid retrieval project is based on NASA’s long-range goals of advancing technology development; providing opportunities for international cooperation; developing new industrial capabilities; and helping scientists better understand how to protect Earth if a large asteroid is ever found on a collision course.

The program also would help NASA develop the navigation, rendezvous and deep space operations experience needed for eventual manned flights to the red planet.

“I hope it goes forward,” said Rusty Schweickart, a former Apollo astronaut who helped found the B612 Foundation, a non-profit organization dedicated to building and launching a privately funded space telescope to search for threatening asteroids.

“Asteroids are a very, very interesting area,” he told CBS News in a telephone interview. “They’re a hell of a resource, and I think the potential for long-term resource development for use in space is going to be a very big thing. And this is sort of step one. It’s a baby step in a way, but it should be very interesting.”

As for the threat asteroids pose to Earth, Schweickart said “I don’t want people to spend their nights worrying about getting hit by asteroids. But I do want them to encourage their political leaders to invest in the insurance, which will allow us to prevent it from happening.”

Play Video

NASA answer to killer asteroids: “Pray”

Aviation Week & Space Technology magazine first reported the proposed asteroid retrieval mission, saying NASA’s fiscal 2014 budget request would include $100 million to get the project underway.

“Suggested last year by the Keck Institute for Space Studies at the California Institute of Technology, the idea has attracted favor at NASA and the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy,” Aviation Week reported. “President Obama’s goal of sending astronauts to a near-Earth asteroid by 2025 can’t be done with foreseeable civil-space spending, the thinking goes.

“But by moving an asteroid to cislunar space — a high lunar orbit or the second Earth-Moon Lagrangian Point (EML2), above the Moon’s far side — it is conceivable that technically the deadline could be met.”

Louis Friedman, former director of the Planetary Society and a co-author of the original Keck study, said the proposed mission “is quite an exciting idea” that supports President Obama’s 2010 call for sending astronauts to an asteroid.

Play Video

Asteroids: Real danger or sci-fi?

“It turns out, a first mission to an asteroid is still a big step, too big a step, because you’d need a much larger launch vehicle than we’re building, you’d need a crew support system that could last for at least nine months in space because of the round-trip time,” Friedman said in a telephone interview. “If we have to wait for that, it would be a couple of decades.

“But the nice idea here is we can robotically move the asteroid closer to Earth and do the mission as soon as … the 2020s, the goal is 2025. By moving the asteroid here, we have a much safer, earlier first step for humans going beyond the moon.”

The mission has “both technical advantages and scientific advantages because we’re actually exploring an object instead of going to empty space,” he said. “It also has an excitement about it because we get the robotic mission, which is a very interesting idea, moving an asteroid close to Earth … and then sending astronauts up to visit it.”

The Keck study estimated a cost of about $2.65 billion to capture and return a carbonaceous asteroid roughly 20 feet across. NASA officials had no official comment Friday and the mission outline obtained by CBS News did not include cost estimates.

But the proposed NASA project closely follows the Keck scenario. The outline indicates a three-pronged approach, starting with enhanced efforts to identify suitable targets. The idea is to find a number of near-Earth asteroids roughly 20 to 30 feet in diameter in favorable orbits that would permit capture and transport to Earth’s vicinity.

“The only real question when you come right down to it is the size, because obviously as you get smaller and smaller and smaller, it becomes more and more feasible to do it,” Schweickart said. “As you get smaller, the biggest problem you have is knowing where the heck to find one. We don’t have a lot of seven-meter objects in our database.”

But multiple candidates are needed “because any kind of a schedule slip and that asteroid that you were going to go to may not be back for 15 or 20 years,” Schweickart said. “So you need to have a whole set of these things.”

Along with improving asteroid detection, NASA hopes to start work on developing a robotic spacecraft based on a 30-kilowatt to 50-kilowatt solar-electric propulsion system that could rendezvous with the asteroid, capture it in a bowl-like receptacle and maneuver it back to Earth’s vicinity.

A “notional” timeline in the mission overview shows a test flight in the 2017 timeframe followed by a rendezvous and capture mission in 2019. The asteroid then would be hauled back to cislunar space by around 2021.

Asteroids roughly the size of the desired candidate hit Earth’s atmosphere on a regular basis and typically break up harmlessly in the atmosphere. For comparison, the meteor that exploded over Russia in February — the largest known body to strike the Earth in a century — was roughly 50 feet across.

In any case, the proposed mission outline indicated any effort to move even a small asteroid back to Earth’s vicinity would be built around a fail-safe trajectory that would result in a lunar impact, at worse, if anything went wrong.

The third element of the proposed program would utilize NASA’s Orion crew capsule and a new heavy-lift booster to ferry astronauts to the asteroid for an up-close examination and sample return.

Two NASA teams currently are studying the proposed mission. One is focusing on identifying suitable asteroids and developing the unmanned systems needed to capture and return a candidate to Earth’s vicinity. The other is studying manned rendezvous and sample-return scenarios.

“There is much forward work to do to better characterize the cost, schedule and mission requirements, and focus an observation campaign to find candidate asteroids,” according to the mission outline. “The study work will be done in FY 2013. Many key out-year elements are already in the budget.”

Friedman said the proposed mission would be reminiscent of the Apollo moon program, “of having humans go to a celestial object and make measurements that are of interest to various scientific communities.”

In the wake of the Russian meteor and a larger asteroid that passed close to Earth the same day, Friedman joked, “if you’re not interested in asteroids, what are you interested in?”

Lawmakers to discuss dangerous asteroids, meteors in hearing today

 By Miriam Kramer /Space.com/ March 19, 2013, 9:49 AM

In light of Earth’s most recent brushes with asteroids, the Science, Space and Technology Committee of the U.S. House of Representatives is holding a hearing today (March 19) to assess what kind of threat space rocks pose.

The first in a series of meetings, “Threats from Space: A Review of U.S. Government Efforts to Track and Mitigate Asteroids and Meteors, Part 1,” will examine ways in which the government — with help from agencies like NASA and the Air Force — can help protect the Earth from dangerous asteroids that could impact our planet.

Today’s hearing will begin at 10 a.m. EDT (1400 GMT), and will be streamed live online. You can watch the asteroid threat House hearing on SPACE.com, courtesy of NASA.

“Today’s events are a stark reminder of the need to invest in space science,” Rep Lamar Smith (R-Texas), chairman of the Science, Space and Technology committee, said in on Feb. 15, when a meteor exploded over Russia on the same day that a large asteroid buzzed close by Earth.

On that day, the 150-foot-wide (40 m) asteroid, 2012 DA14 flew harmlessly by Earth as predicted by NASA scientists. Astronomers had been monitoring the space rock since last year when it was discovered by amateur astronomers in Spain. Scientists observed the rock as it passed within 17,200 miles (27,681 km) of the Earth’s surface (a close shave in astronomical terms). [See Pictures of asteroid 2012 DA14's Flyby]

On the same day, a smaller, previously undetected meteor exploded in the sky over a populated part of the Ural Mountains in Russia.

“An unforeseen meteor (estimated 50 feet in diameter) exploded in the sky above the Russian city of Chelyabinsk releasing the equivalent of a 300 kiloton bomb, about twenty times the explosive energy of the atomic blast used over the city of Hiroshima,” congressional officials wrote in the hearing’s charter.

The hearing today will focus on the basics of tracking a meteor or asteroid, according to the charter. According to the hearing’s charter, some of the questions congressional representatives hope to answer include:

Do we have the tools and technology necessary to detect and track near Earth objects?

How often do we currently observe large meteors entering the atmosphere safely over the ocean?

Are we tracking the right size objects, specifically the ones that can cause significant harm on Earth?

Once we identify an object, what are our means of tracking it?

What are our contingencies and mitigation capabilities if we determine there is a threat to the Earth from a NEO impact?

What process exists among government agencies, both foreign and domestic, in such an instance?

Three experts will take questions during the hearing. John Holdren, the director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy in the White House, advises President Barack Obama on issues related to science and technology.

Gen. William Shelton, the current commander of the U.S. Air Force Space Command, and NASA administrator Charles Bolden will also address the committee.

NASA’s Near-Earth Objects Program Office at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif. is responsible for investigating many of the meteors and asteroids that could pose a threat to Earth.

“Basically, our office takes observations from astronomers all over the world and computes their orbits and then tracks their motion about 100 years into the future to see if there is any interesting close Earth approaches for comets or asteroids,” Don Yeomans, the director of the NEO program told SPACE.com during a video interview.

A second congressional hearing will focus on international efforts to survey the sky for asteroids and meteors, but organizations like the United Nations are calling attention to issues involving the detection of near-Earth objects today as well.

After the destruction in Russia, the Action Team on Near-Earth Objects of the United Nations Office for Outer Space Affairs, led by Sergio Camacho, proposed the formation of an advisory group that would monitor dangerous near-Earth objects.

“Mr. Camacho’s team, also known as Action Team 14, recommended the formation of an International Asteroid Warning Network (IAWN), which would pool together the expertise of the world’s many existing scientific agencies and organizations to discover and track objects and generate early warnings of potential impacts,” United Nations officials wrote in a statement.

Follow Miriam Kramer on Twitter @mirikramer and Google+. Follow us @Spacedotcom, Facebook or Google+. This article was first published on SPACE.com.

Potentially Dangerous Asteroids (Images)

Russian Meteor Strike Injures Hundreds | Video

NEOs: Near Earth Objects – The Video Show

Copyright 2013 SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Space.com. All rights reserved.

United Nations reviewing asteroid impact threat

By Leonard David /

Space.com/ February 18, 2013, 9:43 AM

Scientist now say the meteor that exploded over Russia was bigger and heavier than they first thought - 55 feet long and weighing 10,000 tons

Scientist now say the meteor that exploded over Russia was bigger and heavier than they first thought – 55 feet long and weighing 10,000 tons

The Russian fireball and the close flyby of the asteroid 2012 DA14 on Friday (Feb. 15) came at a moment in time when the United Nations is discussing international response to the near-Earth object impact concern.

Detailed discussions about the Russian meteor explosion and Earth’s encounter with asteroid 2012 DA14 were high on the Feb. 15 agenda of Action Team-14 during the 50th session of the Scientific and Technical Subcommittee of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), being held from Feb. 11 to 22 at the United Nations headquarters in Vienna.

The multi-year work of Action Team-14 (AT-14) is focused on pushing forward on an international response to the impact threat of asteroids and other near-Earth objects (NEOs).

Up for discussion at the Vienna gathering is the report: “Near-Earth Objects, 2011-2012, Recommendations of the Action Team on Near-Earth Objects for an International Response to the Near-Earth Object Impact Threat.” [See video of the Russian meteor explosion]

Future threatening asteroids

“This event in Russia and the pass of the larger asteroid 2012 DA14 are good reminders that many thousands of objects like it pass near Earth daily,” said Ray Williamson, a senior advisor to the Secure World Foundation and a participant in the Vienna gathering.

Secure World Foundation is a private operating foundation dedicated to the secure and sustainable use of space for the benefit of Earth and all its peoples.

Play Video

Meteor event put into perspective

Williamson said that some objects will be larger and cause considerable damage if they strike Earth. Furthermore, it is critical that efforts continue to identify and track asteroids in order to counter the largest ones before they do serious damage to population centers.

“Work is continuing within the United Nations on developing international responses to future threatening asteroids. Given the uncertainties concerning where such asteroids might strike Earth and how much damage they might do, international responses will be critical,” Williamson told SPACE.com.

Also taking part in the UN NEO working group is space scientist, Detlef Koschny of the European Space Agency’s European Space Research and Technology Center (ESTEC) in Noordwijk, The Netherlands.

“The day before we thought it is great timing that 2012 DA14 flies by in the evening … and were shocked when in the morning we learned about the Russia event,” Koschny told SPACE.com. “What a coincidence. Was this a cosmic warning shot? It makes you think.”

Timely warnings

For its part, the UN Action Team-14 has been deliberating over the years regarding the makeup and focus of an Information, Analysis and Warning Network (IAWN), designed to gather and analyze NEO data and provide timely warnings to national authorities should a potentially hazardous NEO threaten Earth.

That report and its findings are being shouldered by Sergio Camacho who chairs the Action Team on NEOs — a group that was established in 2001.

But gluing together a planetary defense strategy is not easy and includes a number of components: from finding potentially hazardous objects, predicting their future locations, and providing warning about future impacts with the Earth.

5 Photos

Images from asteroid 2012 DA14′s near-Earth flyby (pictures)

Furthermore, such a strategy also involves missions to deflect impacting asteroids by changing their orbit, as well as disaster preparedness management and, in the event of a NEO strike, shaping a mitigation and recovery plan to counteract consequences.

The need for an IAWN had been identified in the September 2008 report: “Asteroid Threats: A Call for a Global Response,” a document prepared by an expert panel convened by the Association of Space Explorers (ASE) to assist the work of AT-14.

Here is an excerpt of the 2008 asteroid threat report.

Leonard David has been reporting on the space industry for more than five decades. He is former director of research for the National Commission on Space and a past editor-in-chief of the National Space Society’s Ad Astra and Space World magazine, and has written for SPACE.com since 1999.Follow SPACE.com on Twitter @Spacedotcom. We’re also on Facebook & Google+.

Copyright 2013 SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Space.com. All rights reserved.

ASTEROID THREATS:
A CALL FOR GLOBAL RESPONSE
 
Page 2 of 54
 
Association of Space Explorers International Panel
on Asteroid Threat Mitigation
 
Russell Schweickart, Chair*
 
Adigun Ade Abiodun
Vallampadugai Arunachalam
Sergei Avdeev*
Roger-Maurice Bonnet
Sergio Camacho-Lara
Franklin Chang-Diaz*
James George
Tomifumi Godai
Chris Hadfield*
Peter Jankowitsch
Thomas Jones*
Sergey Kapitza
Paul Kovacs
Walther Lichem
Edward Lu*
Gordon McBean
Dorin Prunariu*
Martin Rees
Karlene Roberts
Viktor Savinykh*
Michael Simpson
Crispin Tickell
Frans von der Dunk
Richard Tremayne-Smith
James Zimmerman
 
*Association of Space Explorers Near-Earth Object Committee
 
Editor
Jessica Tok
 
Principal Authors
Russell L. Schweickart
Thomas D. Jones
Frans von der Dunk
Sergio Camacho-Lara
 
ASTEROID THREATS:
A CALL FOR GLOBAL RESPONSE
 
Executive Summary
 
Earth’s geological and biological history is punctuated by evidence of repeated and devastating
impacts from space. Sixty-five million years ago, an asteroid impact caused the extinction of the
dinosaurs along with some 70% of Earth’s living species. A more typical recent impact was the
1908 Tunguska Event, a 3-5 megaton explosion which destroyed 2,000 square kilometers of
Siberian forest.
 
A future asteroid collision could have disastrous effects on our interconnected human society.
The blast, fires, and atmospheric dust produced could cause the collapse of regional agriculture,
leading to widespread famine. Ocean impacts like the Eltanin event (2.5 million years ago)
produce tsunamis which devastate continental coastlines. Asteroid 99942 Apophis, which has a
1-in-45,000 chance of striking Earth in 2036, would generate a 500-megaton (MT) blast and
inflict enormous damage.
 
Devastating impacts are clearly infrequent events compared to a human lifetime: Tunguska,
thought to be caused by the impact of a 45-meter-wide asteroid, is an event that occurs on
average two or three times every thousand years. However, when Near Earth Object (NEO)
impacts occur they can cause terrible destruction, dwarfing that caused by more familiar natural
disasters.
 
Advances in observing technology will lead to the detection of over 500,000 NEOs over the next
15 years. Of those several dozen will pose an uncomfortably high risk of striking Earth and
inflicting local or regional devastation.
 
The Need for a Global Response
 
Faced with such a threat, we are far from helpless. Astronomers today can detect a high
proportion of Near Earth Objects and predict potential collisions with the Earth. Evacuation and
mitigation plans can be prepared to cope with an unavoidable impact. For the first time in our
planet’s 4.5-billion-year history, the technical capacities exist to prevent such cosmic collisions
with Earth. The keys to a successful outcome in all cases are preparation, planning, and timely
decision-making.
 
Efforts to deflect a NEO will temporarily put different populations and regions at risk in the
process of eliminating the risk to all. Questions arise regarding the authorization and
responsibility to act, liability, and financial implications. These considerations make it inevitable
 
that the international community, through the United Nations and its appropriate organs, will be
called upon to make decisions on whether or not to deflect a NEO, and how to direct a proposed
deflection campaign. Because of the substantial lead time required for a deflection, decisions
will have to be taken before it is certain that an impact will occur. Such decisions may have to
be made as much as ten times more often than the occurrence of actual impacts.
 
Existing space technology makes possible the successful deflection of the vast majority of
hazardous NEOs. However, once a threatening object is discovered, maximizing the time to
make use of that technology will be equally important. Failure to put in place an adequate and
effective decision-making mechanism increases the risk that the international community will
temporize in the face of such a threat. Such a delay will reduce the time available for mounting a

 

deflection campaign. Therefore, timely adoption of  a decision-making program is essential to
enabling effective action.
 
Within 10-15 years, the United Nations, through its appropriate organs, will face decisions about
whether and how to act to prevent a threatened impact. To counter a threat of global dimension,
information-sharing and communications capabilities must be harnessed to identify and warn
society of hazardous NEOs. To prevent an actual impact, an international decision-making
program, including necessary institutional requirements, must be agreed upon and implemented
within the framework of the United Nations.
 
This report, prepared by the Association of Space Explorers and its International Panel on
Asteroid Threat Mitigation, proposes the following program for action:
 
Proposed Program for Action
 
Because NEO impacts represent a global, long-term threat to the collective welfare of humanity,
an international program and set of preparatory measures for action should be established.
Once in place, these measures should enable the global community to identify a specific impact
threat and decide on effective prevention or disaster responses.
 
A global, coordinated response by the United Nations to the NEO impact hazard should ensure
that three logical, necessary functions are performed:
 
1. Information Gathering, Analysis, and Warning
 
An Information, Analysis, and Warning Network should be established. This network would
operate a global system of ground- and/or space-based telescopes to detect and track
potentially hazardous NEOs. The network, using existing or new research institutions, should
analyze NEO orbits to identify potential impacts. The network should also establish criteria for
issuing NEO impact warnings.
 
2. Mission Planning and Operations
 
A Mission Planning and Operations “Group,” drawing on the expertise of the spacefaring
nations, should be established and mandated to outline the most likely options for NEO
deflection missions. This group should assess the current, global capacity to deflect a
hazardous NEO by gathering necessary NEO information, identifying required technologies,
and surveying the NEO-related capabilities of interested space agencies. In response to a
specific warning, the group should use these mission plans to prepare for a deflection
campaign to prevent the threatened impact.
 
3. Mission Authorization and Oversight Group
 
The United Nations should exercise oversight of the above functions through an
intergovernmental Mission Authorization and Oversight “Group.” This group would develop the
policies and guidelines that represent the international will to respond to the global impact
hazard. The Mission Authorization and Oversight Group should establish impact risk
thresholds and criteria to determine when to execute a NEO deflection campaign. The Mission
Authorization and Oversight Group would submit recommendations to the United Nations

Security Council for appropriate action.

 
The Association of Space Explorers and its international Panel on Asteroid Threat Mitigation are
confident that with a program for concerted action in place, the international community can
prevent most future impacts. The Association of Space Explorers and its international Panel are
firmly convinced that if the international community fails to adopt an effective, internationally
mandated program, society will likely suffer the effects of some future cosmic disaster—
intensified by the knowledge that loss of life, economic devastation, and long-lasting societal
disruption could have been prevented. Scientific knowledge and existing international
institutions, if harnessed today, offer society the means to avoid such a catastrophe. We cannot
afford to shirk that responsibility.
 
Figure 1. NEO Decision-making Functions

 

 
Association of Space Explorers International Panel
on Asteroid Threat Mitigation
 
Adigun Ade Abiodun
Vallampadugai Arunachalam
Roger-Maurice Bonnet
Sergio Camacho-Lara
James George
Tomifumi Godai
Peter Jankowitsch
Sergey Kapitza
Paul Kovacs
Walther Lichem
Gordon McBean
Martin Rees
Karlene Roberts
Michael Simpson
Crispin Tickell
Frans von der Dunk
Richard Tremayne-Smith
James Zimmerman
 
Association of Space Explorers: Near-Earth Object Committee
 
Russell Schweickart
Sergei Avdeev
Franklin Chang-Diaz
Thomas Jones
Chris Hadfield
Edward Lu
Dorin Prunariu
Viktor Savinykh
 
Association of Space Explorers: Co-Presidents
 
John Fabian
Alexei Leonov

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